Du-rag

The Du-rag or Do-rag is scarf worn on the head meant to be worn after a hair treatment or to protect other headwear from the hair.

The Du-rag became a symbol of a black power movement in the 1960s and later adopted as an African American fashion accessory to wear on its own. 

The Du-rag is also used by motorcyclist under the helmet to protect the helmet liner from sweat and greasy hair. 

The name Du-rag I've read is actually short for dew or sweat from the head so could be sweat rag. The name as also been associated with do meaning hairdo, either is possible but neither may be true.

The actual du-rags in these pictures are specially shaped scarves with ties and slightly stretchy fabric making them easy to tie onto your head.

Pakol

This hat is called a Pakol also known as a Chitrali Cap

It is a soft round flat-topped hat, usually made of wool and typically come in light natura colours such as brown, walnut, cream, ivory, grey

The Pakol originated in the Afganistan/Pakistan region and was made famous by the Mujahideen.

This hat is also the same shape and construction as the ancient Macedonian Kausia hat, worn by men in ancient Southeast Europe.

I read that before it is put on this hat resembles a bag with a round with a flat bottom. You then rolls up the sides nearly to the top, forming a thick band, which then rests on the forehead.

This hat has the band sewn up so I can't show this.

Carry On Up the Revolution

This is what called a Barge cap or Breton Cap  (Not to be confused with a Breton Hat which is a totally different hat shape)

Its also known as fiddler cap, Lenin cap, skipper cap, or mariner's cap, although that depends on if they have embroidery on the headband or peak.

Normally made of thick wool to provide the main stiffness, they are always peaked, they have firm wide headband, and usually come in black or navy blue.

Worn by 20th C merchant navy, barge owners and northern European factory workers.

The Fiddler cap name came about because of the film Fiddler on the Roof where the main character Topol wear one.

They came in to use in big way in Tsarists Russia due to the banning of Jewish style head ware.

Worn with with a black scarf it creates a ideal early 20th Century workers revolutionary look.

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Bandana

The Bandana is triangular or square piece of fabric tied around the head mainly for decorative purposes but also serves as a sun screen.

Also known as Kerchief  from handkerchief which it basically is.

Bandana's are usually quite colourful most often red or blue and from paisley pattern fabric and they can be tied around the neck or used to tie the hair back.

 The bandana is often associated with American gang culture, the colour of the bandana identifying particular gang affiliation.

Un Béret

The Beret is a hat I could associate with the French, but that is only a small part of its many roles, this is a hat with many strong associations which I've pointed out below

I started with the French but if you go back to its origins it can be equally be Spanish or Scottish were they are called Scottish Bonnets, notable the Tam-o-shanter.

The hat I'm wearing is one I associate with the French with little pip of fabric in the centre.

The Beret is a round flat, soft hat were the fabric overhangs the headband on all sides equally. 

Berets can be handwoven, made of lightweight wool felt, crocheted, knitted or modern fibres.

The Beret as far as I can tell started with Basque shepherds in the 17th Century and was then mass produced by the French and Spanish in 19th Century.

They are used as military hats, the Blue Berets of Scotland in the 17th Century, The blue berets of French forces in 18th Century, American Special forces called Green Berets, the red berets of the British Parachute regiment and many other military groups.

They are also the hat of revolutionaries, most notably the image of Cha Guevara, The black berets of the black power movement in the United States, The black Berets of the IRA, and one I knew nothing about the brown berets of the Chicano Movement which wants parts of the United States returned to Mexico, and many more.