Arming Cap

This padded cap is designed to be worn under a metal helmet

The cap helps stabilise and make the helmet worn over it more comfortable, I also expect it helps protect a little against the shock of blows to the helmet.

Made of thick cotton canvass, then filled with extra layers of fabric.

Nobles

This hat could be used by an Oriental or European noble or relaxing merchant

Not really sure of the period it belongs to.

This hat ended up in our crew kit, unclaimed it remains there ready for use.

White Skull Cap

This white fabric skull cap has a turn-up band around the rim.

 The cap is almost the same as the docker cap in a previous post but lacks the button on top and adjustable band, this is more of a medieval or religious cap.

 There is one seam front to back, the shape comes from the stretching of the fabric.

In the photo below its shown worn with a coif underneath.

Sequined Cap

This the sequined covered cap, came as part of the same hat haul as the previous post.

This was the leisure cap of some flamboyant magician I'm sure.

Now, what's the difference between this what I call a Smoking cap (Leisure cap) and a Kufi hat, both are colourful pillbox hats of a similar size and shape.

Smoking caps are European, the colour comes from the decoration, embroidery, sequins, tassels applied usually to a rich velvety fabric. 

Kufi caps are African, the colour comes from the highly patterned base fabric rather than a plain decorated base fabric 

and that's the difference in its most basic form, although there are many exceptions to the rule and ones that could fall into both categories