Padded Coif

 This coif is padded as it is designed to be used as an arming cap under a metal helmet.

See the previous post about arming caps

This style of arming cap is typical of the Medieval period from 12th Century onwards

This style of arming cap was also worn by medieval peasants as an outer layer as well as under a helmet.

Arming Cap

This padded cap is designed to be worn under a metal helmet

The cap helps stabilise and make the helmet worn over it more comfortable, I also expect it helps protect a little against the shock of blows to the helmet.

Made of thick cotton canvass, then filled with extra layers of fabric.

Russian Headgear

This is sold as Russian Tank commanders hat or helmet

A quick bit of research would suggest however its a paratroopers helmet worn by the airborne division of Russian Army during parachute drops. The Russian airborne division is heavily mechanised and they do drop vehicles with people inside them unlike most other armies, so perhaps it's both.

I normally consider helmets as a rigid head covering, this one, however, is a soft helmet, heavily padded in the ribs to protect you against impacts with hard surfaces.

The helmet is not mine and normally left at the entry stair to the owner's attic room which has many low beams so is ideal headwear.